E-LEARNING AND THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE FEAR OF FAILING AN ACADEMIC YEAR IN THE ERA OF COVID-19

The aim of this research has enabled us to establish the influential relationship between factors associated with e-learning, such as individual impact and depression, and the mediating role in psychological distress and computer anxiety related to the fear of failing an academic year in times of COVID-19 in university students at two universities in the Arequipa region of Peru. The methodology used was developed in two stages;in the first stage, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed, which enabled us to compare the initial results from the theoretical matrix proposed with the observed matrix;in the following stage, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed, as an analytic condition for the factors and to determine the robustness of the proposed model. For this purpose, the Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used, based on partial minimum squares. The sample for the study was made up by 252 students. It is concluded that there are significant influential relationships among the variables observed, such as the individual impact of e-learning, depression, mediated by psychological distress and anxiety for fear of failing the academic year © Article's contents are provided on an Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Creative commons International License. Readers are allowed to copy, distribute and communicate article's contents, provided the author's and JOTSE journal's names are included. It must not be used for commercial purposes. To see the complete licence contents, please visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Ease of use and perceived usefulness and its influence on motivation, collaboration and behavioral intention in university students in times of Covid-19

The purpose of this study was to test the relationship of influence of ease of use and perceived usefulness on motivation, collaboration, and behavioral intention in university students in times of Covid-19. The methodology used for the study corresponds to a non-experimental investigation, a questionnaire was applied to a convenience sample of 530 university students (n=19;α=0.944 ω=0.946), using Factor Exploratory and Confirmatory Analysis as tests of validity and reliability, through the Modeling of Structural Equations of Partial Least Squares PLS-SEM. The results have shown that there is a positive effect of causality of perceived ease of use on student collaboration, student motivation and perceived usefulness;in the same way, there exists a causal relationship between the perceived usefulness and the student's collaboration, the intention of the behavior and the student's motivation. Contrarily, there would not be an influence relationship between perceived ease of use on behavioral intention in university students in a context of Covid-19. © 2022 IEEE.

Sociodemographic Factors and Mental Health in Nursing Students in Times of COVID-19

Introduction: Mental health has been affected during the pandemic by COVID-19, also in nursing students a negative effect on their levels of depression and anxiety has been observed. Objective: To describe the relationship between sociodemographic factors and mental health of nursing students in times of COVID-19. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, whose population was 577 nursing students of a private university in Trujillo, Peru, enrolled in the semester 2021-01. A sample of 328 students was taken by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Data were collected using the questionnaires to evaluate anxiety symptoms (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9), these instruments were sent through a Google form. Data were processed and described in absolute frequencies and percentages;Pearson's Chi-square test was used for inferential analysis. Results: The sociodemographic factors show that 31.10% belonged to the first cycle, 95.70% were female, 31.40% were aged up to 18 years, 92.10% were single, 68.90% professed the Catholic religion and 85.40% indicated residing in the department of La Libertad. It was also found that 45.40% of the students had mild anxiety and 19.80% severe anxiety;in addition, 39.60% did not present depressive symptoms, 18.90% presented mild major depression and 2.10% severe major depression;only a significant statistical relationship was found between the gender factor and depressive symptoms (p < 0.05). Conclusions: No relationship was found between sociodemographic factors and anxiety symptoms. © 2022, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.

Factors Influencing Psychological Distress Mediated by E-Learning Courses in Times of Covid-19

The main objective of this research is to determine the influence of factors associated with psychological distress, such as the personal impact of e-learning, depression, and computer anxiety on the student, mediated by the courses in the methodology of e-learning in times of Covid-19. The methodology used for the study corresponds to a non-experimental investigation;the questionnaire was applied to a convenience sample of 397 university students (n = 41;α = 0.971 ω = 0.971), using validity and reliability tests, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis through structural equation modeling of partial least squares (PLS-SEM). The results have shown a statistically significant effect between the student's computer anxiety and psychological distress, e-learning and depression and e-learning courses. While e-learning and depression establish, a statistically significant relationship in the individual impact of e-learning and psychological distress;while there is a significant influence relationship between e-learning and depression and the individual impact of e-learning and psychological distress. On the contrary, e-learning and depression do not influence, according to the study, e-learning courses;likewise, the individual impact of e-learning on psychological distress. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Influencing factors in perceived learning mediated by satisfaction in university students in times of Covid-19

There are different factors that directly influence student satisfaction and their perceived learning, in times of pandemic, educational models in their implementation and practice have been reoriented to an eminently online education. In the present investigation, arising from a collaboration between higher education teachers, it was detected that such factors as the use ofICT, productivity and creativity in learning, openness to novelty and especially technological stress, would reasonably influence in the endogenous variables of the proposed model. Under a non-experimental research design, an electronic questionnaire (n=25;α = .952;ω = .953) is applied to a sample of 300 university students (Arequipa, Peru). The results, in agreement with previous studies, show that factors such as the use of ICT, student satisfaction, exert a positive influence on perceived learning, unlike productivity, creativity in learning and technological stress would not exert favorably on perceived learning. Regarding student satisfaction, factors such as openness to the novelty of ICT, creativity, and the use of ICT, would exert a positive influence on satisfaction, unlike productivity in learning. In conclusion, the idea of inquiry and search about the key influencing factors in dependent variables for educational development in times of Covid-19, such as perceived learning and student satisfaction in university education, is highlighted. © 2022 Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions. All rights reserved.

The use of social networks, usefulness and ease of use, enjoyment through positive emotions and their influence on school satisfaction mediated by school achievement

The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between the use of social networks, usefulness and ease of use, enjoyment through positive emotions and their influence on school satisfaction mediated by school achievement. The investigation was carried out in a state of social isolation due to the presence of Covid-19. The sample for the study consisted of 108 students from the 3rd to the 5th year of studies at the secondary education level of a public educational institution in the Arequipa region in Peru. The methodology that was used had two well-defined phases, firstly, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was carried out, this analysis had the objective of condensing the information in original variables to smaller series, secondly, an Analysis Confirmatory Factorial (AFC), through the modelling of structural equations based on variances, called PLS-SEM. It is concluded that the proposed structural model, which uses school achievement as a mediation variable, is explained from its variance in 81.6%, and the factorial load it exerts on the dependent variable such as school satisfaction is significant and decisive.

Influential factors in knowledge management in the acceptance of M-learning in university students

The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of the factors in knowledge management in the acceptance of M-learning in university students in times of covid-19. The study consisted of two stages;the first was an exploratory factor analysis, which allowed the instrument to be validated and homologated. The second stage consisted of carrying out a confirmatory analysis by validating a structural model based on variances called modelling of structural equations of partial minimum squares PLS-SEM, whose results determined that the most influential factors in the application of knowledge are perceived ease of use, knowledge sharing, and perceived utility of the model (TAM);not like this, the intention of behavioural use, that does not influence the application of knowledge. This hypothesis would not be tested regarding the level of influence that the application of knowledge would have on the actual use of the system. The research was carried out with 150 students from a private university in Peru.

Key factors for the success of connectivism in the e-learning modality in the context of Covid-19

The pandemic because of Covid-19 brought with it the need to analyze educational practices in order to carry out transformation processes, which allow us to understand how to face the new educational scenarios. The objective of this research is to analyze the key factors that allow achieving significant learning in the e-learning modality. The study was conducted with 219 male high school students in the Arequipa region of Peru. The educational problem in different contexts because of the pandemic, is going through a series of adaptation, and evaluation processes, to minimize the negative impacts on learning achievements. For these reasons, it is important to analyze the factors that are involved in the current educational model, in such a way that new methodologies and strategies can be implemented that allow the provision of a comprehensive and quality education. The results of the study will allow to maintain a policy of constant evaluation of educational practices in the e-learning modality to determine the factors that favor connectivist education and specify the factors that are weakening the success of the system;this continuous evaluative exercise will make it possible to propose and determine practices and methodologies in order to maximize learning levels.

The use of social networks, usefulness and ease of use, enjoyment through positive emotions and their influence on school satisfaction mediated by school achievement

The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between the use of social networks, usefulness and ease of use, enjoyment through positive emotions and their influence on school satisfaction mediated by school achievement. The investigation was carried out in a state of social isolation due to the presence of Covid-19. The sample for the study consisted of 108 students from the 3rd to the 5th year of studies at the secondary education level of a public educational institution in the Arequipa region in Peru. The methodology that was used had two well-defined phases, firstly, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was carried out, this analysis had the objective of condensing the information in original variables to smaller series, secondly, an Analysis Confirmatory Factorial (AFC), through the modelling of structural equations based on variances, called PLS-SEM. It is concluded that the proposed structural model, which uses school achievement as a mediation variable, is explained from its variance in 81.6%, and the factorial load it exerts on the dependent variable such as school satisfaction is significant and decisive. © 2022 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.

Influential factors in knowledge management in the acceptance of M-learning in university students

The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of the factors in knowledge management in the acceptance of M-learning in university students in times of covid-19. The study consisted of two stages;the first was an exploratory factor analysis, which allowed the instrument to be validated and homologated. The second stage consisted of carrying out a confirmatory analysis by validating a structural model based on variances called modelling of structural equations of partial minimum squares PLS-SEM, whose results determined that the most influential factors in the application of knowledge are perceived ease of use, knowledge sharing, and perceived utility of the model (TAM);not like this, the intention of behavioural use, that does not influence the application of knowledge. This hypothesis would not be tested regarding the level of influence that the application of knowledge would have on the actual use of the system. The research was carried out with 150 students from a private university in Peru. © 2022 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.

IN-HOSPITAL CASE FATALITY RATE DUE TO MODERATE-TO-SEVERE COVID-19 IN PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS: A MULTICENTER COHORT STUDY

Background: The presence of comorbidities has been associated with worse outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV2 virus infection. It has been reported that patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 showed higher mortality rates than patients without cirrhosis. This study aims to analyze the case fatality rate (CFR) in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19, as well as the implications that this infection has on the incidence of acute decompensations. Methods: A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in 13 COVID-19 centers in Mexico. Patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 were compared with randomly selected age- and sex-matched controls with COVID-19 without cirrhosis. The characteristics and development of decompensation in patients with cirrhosis were analyzed. Results: A total of 96 patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 and 193 controls with COVID-19 were studied. Age (56.80 vs. 56.45 years, respectively;P=0.80) and male sex proportion (65.6% vs. 65.6%, respectively;P=0.98) was comparable between the two groups. Patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 had a higher CFR than patients without cirrhosis (29.2% versus 19.2%, respectively, P=0.05) (Figure 1). There were no differences in the use of invasive mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, or the hospitalization length. The most common decompensations were worsening ascites (43%), encephalopathy (42%), and variceal bleeding (13%). Acute kidney injury occurred in 60% of patients with cirrhosis and 30% fulfill criteria of hepatorenal syndrome. Conclusion: Cirrhosis may impose a significant death risk factor in moderateto- severe COVID-19. Moreover, COVID-19 might be an important trigger of acute decompensation of cirrhosis, which could influence short-term CFR. (Figure Presented)

Key factors for the success of e-learning in high school students in times of Covid-19

The purpose of the study was to determine the level of influence exerted by the key factors for the success of e-learning, such as computer anxiety, the Collaboration quality, the Information quality, the service quality, the system quality and the use of computer systems, using the level of expert on the Web as a mediating variable and, as a dependent variable, the satisfaction perceived by the user in times of pandemic as a consequence of Covid-19. The applied methodology comprises two phases, firstly, an exploratory factor analysis using the IBM-SPSS, to determine the correct adaptation of the factors with their corresponding items in the instrument for data collection, secondly, it was performed In the confirmatory analysis, for the validation of the proposed structural model and to establish the relationships of the factors proposed in the model, the PLS-SEM methodology, Modeling of Structural Equations with Partial Least Squares, was used. The model was validated with a sample of 271 students from the 3rd to the 5th year of high-school education from a public educational institution in the Moquegua region of Peru. The study came to determine that there are different levels of influence exerted by the key factors for the success of e-learning, in the satisfaction perceived by the user, said influence is explained by 64.6%, considering the R2 statistic, being the most influential factors the Information quality and the quality of the collaboration. © 2021 IEEE.

The virtual teaching process and academic self-efficacy in learning and the intention to drop out university studies in times of Covid-19

The purpose of this study was to test the relationship between academic self-efficacy, learning self-efficacy, the teaching-learning process, student-teacher interaction, mediated by learning self-efficacy and the level of influence on students' intention to drop out. university students in times ofCovid-19. The study comprises two phases, firstly, an exploratory factor analysis using the IBM-SPSS, to determine the correct adaptation of the factors with their corresponding items, secondly, the confirmatory analysis was carried out, for the validation of the structural model proposed and establish the relationships of the factors proposed in the model, the PLS-SEM methodology, Modeling of Structural Equations with Partial Least Squares, was used. The model was validated with a sample of 230 students in a private university in Peru and is explained by the determination coefficient R2 in 51.9%, so it is inferred that there are other latent factors or variables that would explain the intention dropout in university students by 48.1%. © 2021 IEEE.

Appropriation of the Maker methodology to stimulate Invisible Learning in high school students in times of Covid-19

The current educational context is facing new educational challenges due to the worldwide proliferation of Covid-19. For this reason, it was necessary to generate a digital literacy oriented from a creative and innovative perspective, in this regard it was decided to apply the Maker methodological style, to high school students from the Arequipa region in Peru. Likewise, considering that education is being developed in homes under the E-learning modality, it was necessary to stimulate invisible learning, because its application offers many possibilities to develop skills, abilities, capacities, competencies that are not formally established in the curriculum and that are necessary for life;starting from learning by doing, promoting creativity and taking the context into consideration. The main objective of this study was to analyze the appropriation of the Maker methodology in the educational field to determine the impact it may have. The applied research methodology was mixed, and a survey was applied to 350 students, of both sexes, at the secondary level, whose ages are between 14 and 17 years old. This research study allowed to conclude that the Maker methodology, applied in times of pandemic, is effective to improve the learning and motivational level of students starting from learning by doing, experimenting, playing, creating, researching, and innovating, where the initiative and strengths of the students they are the driving forces for this development. © 2021 IEEE.

Implications of Digital Citizenship in Social Media to build a safe environment in the Covid-19 situation

The great technological convergence, which has emerged in recent years due to the appropriation of the globalized world and the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic, leads us to formulate various approaches and questions, in relation to the digital identity of the users on the internet and on how to forge a global and secure digital citizenship. New media based on digital technologies such as social media, are generating a daily activity both as means of communication, interaction, and especially today as educational environments, this is leading to the formation of a digital society. This global phenomenon responds to a research study raised in university-level students from the city of Arequipa, this had as a pilot institution for the research process the Catholic University of Santa Mariá. Under the survey proposal, the implications related to social interaction in social media were determined;based on these results, some proposals were made to build safe environments for interaction in this time of pandemic and for subsequent years. It was concluded that it is essential to be able to generate and disseminate protocols and social norms to students for digital environments and social media, to establish safe environments for interaction and navigation. © 2021 IEEE.

Attitudes towards the use of social media, the use of video games and cell phones in primary school students in public schools for vulnerable groups

The purpose of the research was to establish the causal relationship between attitudes towards social media, the use of video games, in the attitude towards the use of cell phones, likewise, the relationship of influence of the attitude towards video games in the use of social media. The study was carried out in Peru, with students of the primary level of economic condition of extreme poverty, where the cell phone is the most recurrent device of communication and social interaction in times of pandemic due to the presence of Covid-19. The study aims to validate a relationship model between the independent and dependent variables, for this purpose the investigation was designed in two phases, the first comprises an exploratory factor analysis using the IBM-SPSS, the second, was the realization of a confirmatory analysis, for this the PLS-SEM methodology was used, which is a multivariate method called, Modeling of Structural Equations with Partial Least Squares. The model was validated with a sample of 71 students, whose ages range from 11 to 13 years, from the Moquegua region. The study would reveal causal relationships, especially between the attitude towards the use of video games and its influence on the use of social media, in the same way, the level of influence that independent variables would exert, such as the attitude towards the use of networks. social and the use of video games in the attitude towards the use of cell phones. © 2021 IEEE.

Relationship between loneliness, thought and performance in art at the time of the Covid-19

The purpose of this study was to test the relationship between thought and performance in art in plastic artists, family loneliness and romantic loneliness and their influence on social loneliness, this because there is a well-known myth in the world of the arts as in painting, where exceptional artists reach their full development in contexts of social loneliness, the study aims to validate a model of causal relationship, taking into account the context, characterized by social isolation. The study comprises two phases, firstly, an exploratory factor analysis using the IBM-SPSS, secondly, for the confirmatory analysis, the PLS-SEM methodology was used, which is a multivariate method called, Modeling of Structural Equations with Least Partial Squares. The model was validated with a sample of 157 artists in visual arts from the Arequipa, Cusco, Tacna, Moquegua and Lima regions of Peru. The study would reveal causal relationships between independent variables such as thought and performance in art, family loneliness and romantic loneliness in social loneliness as a dependent variable, experienced by the artists studied. © 2021 IEEE.

Co-teaching and the use of WhatsApp as a mediation tool between parents with children with disabilities and their teachers

The research was carried out in a state of emergency as a measure of the Peruvian government to avoid infection by the presence of Covid-19, in an research context, it is given from the Distance Program of Special Basic Education, establishes as a policy management, permanent communication with families considering respect for the characteristics of students with Special Educational Needs, thus the use of WhatsApp is constituted as one of the mediation tools between parents with children with disabilities and their teachers. The research proposed is the validity of an intervention model about educational performance that involves three key agents in education: teachers, parents and students with vulnerabilities or special abilities. The first step was the adaptation and homologation of an instrument with 3 factors and 12 polytomous items with graded response on the Likert scale, the selected factors respond to a theoretical construct related to the perception of digital technology, perceptions of teaching and learning. learning and perceived learning. For the creation of the investigative model, an exploratory analysis was started, which included a factorial analysis, secondly, a confirmatory analysis was carried out with the PLS-SEM methodology, which is a second generation multivariate method called Modeling of Structural Equations with Minimum Partial Squares. The sample consists of 30 parents with children with disabilities. It is concluded that the model about co-teaching and the use of WhatsApp as a mediation tool between parents with children with disabilities and their teachers is partially validated. The hypothesis that perceptions of digital technology positively influence perceptions of teaching and learning is tested. © 2021 IEEE.

The role of the use of digital information in the performance and collaboration of university students in extreme economic situation

The purpose of this study was to test the relationship between the use of digital information in the performance and collaboration of university students, in extreme economic situation in Peru in a public university, the study makes an approach to different factors related to information management and its relationship with student satisfaction and loyalty, through the Household Targeting System (SISFOH) of the Ministry of Education (MINEDU), which qualifies university students as poor and / or in extreme poverty, to be benefited by the mobile internet access service program in 3G and 4G. The study comprises two phases, firstly, an exploratory factor analysis using IBM-SPSS, secondly, for confirmatory analysis, The PLS-SEM methodology, Modeling of Structural Equations with Partial Least Squares, was used. The model was validated with a sample of 233 students at a public university. The study would reveal a causal relationship of the different factors of the structural model, based on the different behaviors of digital information that university students experience in times of quarantine as a preventive measure to avoid contagion by Covid-19. © 2021 IEEE.